Friday, August 21, 2020
Bsa 375 Week 2 Individual Paper Essay
IT Solutions: Proposal for New HR System By College of Phoenix BSA/375 09/02/2013 Proposition for New Human Resource System In our journey to ever better ourselves the IT office, of Riordan Manufacturing, is presenting this Request for Proposal to incorporate a progressively advanced, best in class, data frameworks innovation in our Human Resources division. Riordan Manufacturing has consistently strived to better ourselves by staying aware of innovation in the entirety of our working frameworks and our assembling frameworks. We will likely stay at the front line of the assembling network as we continue driving the route in the entirety of our business frameworks and, simultaneously, keeping the vibe of a client agreeable organization. We need to ensure that our clients can have a sense of security in the information that we will do what is important to satisfy their business needs. Starting at now, our Human Resource, (HR), Operating System, (OS), has missed the mark regarding this objective. It would be ideal if you comprehend that the framework that is set up, while it can finish the main job isn't ade quate enough for our developing association. At the present time, we are running many separate applications to process the entirety of the HR framework prerequisites. This procedure isn't just tedious, however is certainly not a cost effective arrangement that this organization is searching for. On the off chance that we need to achieve our objective we have to consolidate all the old HR frameworks into a solitary incorporated application. The IT division is hoping to finish this venture in around six (6) months, so the new framework can be used in the second quarter of one year from now. We need to have a model framework accessible for testing in around two (2) months before definite framework arrangement, for preparing and specialized help purposes. We will likely have all preparation and any issues fixed one (1) month before fire up. Along these lines we will have the opportunity to apply any essential changes to the framework. The new HR framework will have numerous applications that can be utilized across the majority of our different business frameworks from Marketing and Sales to Inventory andà Warehousing. We are seeking after companywide preparing to be finished inside four (4) months of startup, making the new framework accessible for all divisions before the finish of the (third) quarter. The following are a few necessities that should be practiced with the goal that the way toward incorporating the new HR framework will go easily. Access the Stakeholders Involved in System Startup The initial phase in setting up the new Human Resource Application, (HRA), is to accumulate data about the framework prerequisites and client needs from everybody that will be engaged with the startup and rollout of the new framework. The way toward social occasion data from included partners can be a repetitive procedure if an inappropriate strategies are utilized. In this way, to speed up this in an organized and auspicious way we will be passing out examiners to all individuals from the Human Resource Department and to all Department heads. Utilizing Questioners will help the IT division get a thought of what prerequisites are normal from the new framework. It isn't cost proficient to converse with every worker in this way, it would be gainful for all that each examiner is rounded out in an opportune way. We will be messaged to every representative on Monday September ninth, 2013 and might want a reaction no later than Thursday September twelfth, 2013, (for preparing purposes). Examiners will likewise be accessible on the Employee Web Site under HR applications. Another strategy of social affair the required data will be to direct gathering gatherings with the HR office administrators and chiefs. The IT office will hold Joint Application Development, (JAD), meetings beginning Monday September sixteenth, 2013. These meetings are overseen forms that the IT division uses to assemble data in a productive, strong way. We need to utilize group contribution so we can increase a firm comprehension of what you, the customer, will look for from the new HR framework. The JAD meeting will help we all together build up the new framework. Guaranteeing Successful Gathering of Project Information We, in the IT office, need to ensure that each framework prerequisite that possibly be requested will be sent at the hour of the framework model presentation. To safeguard that this objective is cultivated we should assemble right, compact and applicable data from every one of you, the stakeholdersâ involved in the framework advancement. Assembling great data will assist us with building up the framework formed to what you need. We comprehend that the data gathering procedure can be an overwhelming undertaking, yet with your assist we with canning make this as easy as could reasonably be expected. Keep in mind, without your contribution on this venture the IT office can't rollout a framework that will be a powerful apparatus for Human Resources and the remainder of Riordan Manufacturing. The capacity to accumulate great data is the most significant procedure in all pieces of each System Development Life Cycle, (SDLC), and with everyoneââ¬â¢s support in this procedure the framewor k rollout will go easily. Building up the Project Scope and Project Feasibility Riordan Manufacturing needs all ventures that go into advancement to be fruitful. On the off chance that we need the new Human Resource framework to be effective we should initiate a venture scope framework. Indeed, even with the criticism and association of every partner and the accomplishment of different undertakings conveyed from the IT office quite possibly this new framework can in any case fall flat. At some random time there will be vital changes to the task. These progressions can have a negative impact, however we will likely stay concentrated on the framework prerequisites. We need to conveys the new framework on schedule and under financial plan with the necessary capacities that are normal. We will probably set up a framework to oversee key parts of the new frameworks advancement: * Project Size â⬠Understand how huge this undertaking will be * Project Goals â⬠Make sure objectives are set and feasible * Project Requirements â⬠All framework prerequisites are do ne To convey a completed venture that meets the objectives over our Project Scope should follow a these five (5) steps: * Project Initiation â⬠assess the need of the new framework and convey proper arrangements. * Scope Planning â⬠Create an attainable Work Breakdown Structure, (WBS) that diagrams all the work that will be done on this undertaking. * Scope Definition â⬠Working with you, the end client, grow in detail the work breakdown the will be required. * Scope Verification â⬠Timely booked work appraisal and worthiness checks by the end client and the IT division during the SDLC of the new application. * Scope Change Control â⬠Put a conventional framework set up to control any framework changes that will occur. This willâ limit Scope Creep, (Unauthorized access to changes to the framework). As should be obvious, applying appropriate degree the board will be significant in the improvement of the new Human Resource framework. End To remain as one of the pioneers in assembling we should continue attempting to develop. While we at Riordan Manufacturing have strived to be the best in the business there are events when we should investigate ourselves and see what changes are required with the goal that we can stay a trend-setter in assembling strategies while as yet being a client well disposed association. The present Human Resource framework has fallen behind and is shielding us from keeping up all that we have decided to achieve. Coordinating an increasingly advanced, best in class, data framework in our Human Resource division will achieve something other than the above objective. It will smooth out our business applications into a simple to utilize effectively open framework that will be cost productive with little upkeep. This is the thing that we have consistently strived to achieve and this new framework will keep us on target. With appropriate arranging, making a decent venture scope, assembling great, d ependable and pertinent data and with your steady contribution all through the SDLC of the new HR framework we will be ensured of a fruitful task finish and rollout. Much obliged to You. IT System Manager 09/01/2013 References Wich, Darren. 2009. ââ¬Å"Project Scope Managementâ⬠IS 6840. Online http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/examination/6840_f09_papers/Wich/scopemanagement.html Heldman, Kim. PMP, April fourteenth, 2009. ââ¬Å"The Importance of the Project Scope Statementâ⬠. Lakewood, Colorado. On the web. http://pm.97things.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/The_Importance_of_the_Project_Scope_Statement Blankenburg, Joanne. September ninth, 2012 ââ¬Å"Use Joint Application Design (JAD)
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
The Basic Principles of Persuasive Essay Topics for Colleges Students That You Can Benefit From Starting Immediately
The Basic Principles of Persuasive Essay Topics for Colleges Students That You Can Benefit From Starting Immediately Instead, follow these 3 ideas to be sure you give your students a very good variety of topics from which to pick. The student should investigate a topic, evaluate evidence, collect, generate, and set a standpoint on the subject in a powerful and concise way. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire affordable essay rather than writing it themselves. Many students that are looking for college application help may also locate these essay topics an amazing source to display their abilities and make a great impression. In school, essay writing has been made to be part of our learning activity. Reading offers many advantages to persons who want to become great writers later on. Since you may see, there are lots of ideas for persuasive essay topics for college students all that it requires to create one is a little imagination! There are a lot of persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Persuasive Essay Topics for Colleges Students Is Wrong In many professional contexts, respectful argumentation is the thing that leads to the growth of new suggestions and perspectives. To the contrary, you might not have been supplied a specific topic in any respect. It's always much much better to locate a specific, narrow topic. Taking into account that lots of persuasive essays concern controversial topics, before writing, you can want to sit down and think of what your opinion on the topic actually is. Essay writing is definitely thought to be part of academic life and essay writing demands certain abilities or the portion of the writer. It really isn't the exact same as writing a profile essay, and you must show all your writing and persuasive skills. Overall, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Writing an excellent persuasive essay is not a simple job, however, it's achievable. There are several ways of writing an essay but the fundamental structure stays the same. It's possible for you to fill in details and modify the sentence structure after you're clear of what you want to say. Mar 12, 2019 You have to be in a position to use persuasive language. Read and analyze some persuasive essay examples to find out more concerning the structure and vocabulary employed within this kind of essay. You would like your paper to be noticed, meaning you don't wish to select the simple topic and have your paper reflect exactly the same thing every one's paper does. Having selected a superior topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. Perhaps, writing argumentative essays isn't that a simple endeavor. The requirements of writers online have changed since the calendar year 2000, once I published my very first issue. Women ought to be fined each time they scream. In an issue of speaking, picking out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you wish to convey to the rest of the planet. Get your essay done a day or two before the due date in order to have sufficient time to return and revise it to make it polished. You've just written a distinguished essay. If your essay is describing a process, including how to make a huge chocolate cake, make sure y our paragraphs fall in the right order. The description of the event might include the feeling of attending a particular birthday party. Picking the correct topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might seem. Regardless, it's always a better idea to work with a topic that is very close to you and that you get a genuine interest in, instead of just picking a random topic. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good notion to start with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. It isn't always vital to offer something like money or money's worth. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. You should make sure that you're very interested in the topic before you are able to persuade others about it. There are cases which people have variations in regards to interpreting or giving meanings to words.
Friday, May 15, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Search For Identity A Virtual World - 1923 Words
Searching for Identity In a Virtual World In Ready Player One, the creation of a virtual identity, or avatar, unleashes oneââ¬â¢s true self. In this cyberworld game, one can create their character to be their ideal person; physically, intellectually, and emotionally. The virtual reality creates the backdrop against which the action takes place and the characters play out their roles. Interestingly, the gamers who control their respective avatar have within themselves some of the same characteristics that they have built into their ideal personas. Though some of these characteristics may be exaggerated, and some, such as gender, may be reversed, the bravery, intelligence, aptitude, and heroics displayed in the virtual world are present in these same people in the real world. They may be deeply hidden, and afraid to show themselves, but by being exhibited by their avatars in the virtual world, they become uncovered and can begin to manifest themselves by the gamers in the real world . People log into the videogame OASIS daily as an escape from their dreadful lives. It is the year 2045, and there is ââ¬Å"widespread famine, poverty, and disease. Half a dozen warsâ⬠(Cline,1). True to the definition of its name, OASIS, is an MMO paradise that provides ââ¬Å"a pleasant and peaceful area in the midst of a difficult and hectic place or situationâ⬠(Oxford). OASIS opens up a whole new world where people can live out their hopes and dreams with endless possibilities amidst ââ¬Å"a world of chaos,Show MoreRelatedSearch For Identity : A Virtual World1834 Words à |à 8 Pages Searching for Identity in a Virtual World In Ready Player One, the creation of a virtual identity, or avatar, unleashes oneââ¬â¢s true self. In this cyberworld game, one can create their character to be their ideal person: physically, intellectually, and emotionally. The virtual reality sets the backdrop for which the action takes place and the characters play out their roles. Interestingly, the gamers who control their respective avatars have within themselves some of the same characteristics thatRead MoreSearch For Identity From A Virtual World2041 Words à |à 9 Pages Searching for Identity From a Virtual World In Ready Player One, the creation of a virtual identity, or avatar, unleashes oneââ¬â¢s true self. In this cyberworld game, one can create their character to be their ideal person; physically, intellectually, and emotionally. The virtual reality creates the backdrop against which the action takes place and the characters play out their roles. Interestingly, the gamers who control their respective avatar have within themselves some of the same characteristicsRead MoreCollaboration Participation And Collaboration Web 2.0 Essay1114 Words à |à 5 Pagesnetwork activities, and even their identities (they can choose to be anonymous, as is the example with one good HR blog or videos on YouTube of dirty toilets in hospitals, create virtual identities or present their actual selves, as Narendra Modi is getting along on YouTube with his Prime Minister s broadcast) 3.Identity Many users of Web 2.0 technologies create virtual identities that may be different to their real life ones. Virtual identities are evident in virtual globes such as Second Life andRead MoreSocial Media Versus The Teenage Mind1748 Words à |à 7 PagesThe world has changed dramatically since the creation of social media sites around the year 2000. Today, people communicate face to face or on the telephone less frequently. 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Turkleââ¬â¢s studies are focused on how technology such as cell phones, online avatars, and social media make a whole generations personal development different from past generations. McGonigal is extremely optimistic towards the idea ofRead MoreGroups and High-Performance Teams1617 Words à |à 7 Pagesassociate themselves with a group identity and begin to form an attachment to their teammates. ââ¬Å"The fact is that it takes a lot more work to build a well-functioning team than simply assigning members to the same group and then expecting them to do a great job.â⬠(Shcermerhorn, 2005). Team Identity Setting a teamââ¬â¢s identity is one of the first steps a manager must take in forming a high-performing team. As we often witness in the sports world, a teamââ¬â¢s identity can help to rally team members andRead More The Facebook Addiction Essay939 Words à |à 4 PagesTheFacebook Addiction Poke. Poke back. Poke. Poke back. Welcome to the world of TheFacebook, the online community where flirting with that cute person that sits next to you in class is only one click away. TheFacebook is an online directory that connects people through social networks at colleges and universities. Since being founded, in February 2004 at Harvard University, TheFacebook has expanded to many universities across the United States. In November 2004, the numbers of registered usersRead MoreHow Technology Has Revolutionized The Realm Of Education1535 Words à |à 7 PagesThe aim of the essay is to help educators understand the implications Online Research Skills have on the classroom. Learning institutions have embarked on creating online facilities where students can access information through internet via the World Wide Web. The remote access in various parts of the globe makes it possible for students to study irrespective of their location and the geographical areas. However, guidance is paramount when students choose various sources of research found online
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Mobile Android Application Name Field Logger
Question: Discuss about the Mobile Android Application Name Field Logger. Answer: Introduction: Purpose: The purpose of developing this report is to give details of the requirement for the development of a Mobile Android Application. This report is intended to be reviewed by Professor of course as an assignment work for the fulfilment of the coursework. Scope: Field Logger-Mobile Android Application is the software for Android Mobiles to give them extended features through Application or App (Added Application in Mobile Devices). This App will help in creating a data logger to capture field data in a mobile application that stores the data in a local database . Definitions : Treatment Data: It is a page or Data Fragment , that is to be displayed when a user clicks on a Field given in the Mobile Android App. Save Log Entry: It is a Button to be given on the App , pressing this button the values will be saved Locally in the SQLD Database in the application. Show Log Entries: It is a Button to be given on the App , pressing this button a page or Data Fragment will be displayed that lists the all the date/time and treatment entries made for that field. Send all entries Item: This is an item to be given in the Menu of the application, selecting this item the data collected and stored in the local database is to be composed into an email, and sent using the built in mail app. The local database is then to be cleared of all entries. Requirement Elicitation: System overview-: We are making a project report on a software Application for Mobile Android System. This will work as an extended functionality in the Mobile Device. Functional requirements-: The software segments should work according to the expectations specified in the given assignment. All the buttons and Menu items should work properly. The functional requirements for this Android Application software are-: Product perspective-: This Android Application is to be developed for Smart Mobiles specifically. This App should easily be loaded in the system without altering the setting or features of the Mobile System. The performance of the retaining features of the application should not be affected by this App. 1. System Interfaces-: The system should consists of 2. Mobile Application Home Startup Page 3. Shed 1 to Shed 5 Data Entry Pages 4. HP 1 to HP 2, FO, MZ and Control Data and Show Field Logger Entries Pages 5. Options Menu pages 6. Profile page Operations-: We have to include Designing, coding, test cases, Product Analysis. User Interface-: As this will be an Android Mobile Application, all the functionalities must work on touch mode system based. All the features must be user friendly and easy to locate. Non Functional Requirement: Software Interfaces-: This project report has been specified in the assignment, requires to be developed on specifically Android Java development undertaken using the Eclipse ADT IDE and API's. Application Adaptation Requirements-: Browsers: The application is not intended to work for browsers. Networks The application should not need the network for functioning and therefore should not be targeted for specific networks. Devices: The list of Android platforms this application is required to be compatible are listed below: Android 6.0 Marshmallow Android 5.1 Lollipop Android 5.0 Lollipop Android 4.4 - KitKat Android 4.3 Jellybean User characteristics-: This is a Mobile Application and will be used by teenagers to adults. So the primarily the interface should not be highly complicated or highly technical. It should be user friendly. Testing Strategy For successful implementation of any application a well designed Testing Strategy is required. Testing not only intends to identify functional and non-functional errors , it also intends to check the Quality Constraints of the application. Here the Testing Strategy for Mobile Android Application - Field Logger is as follows-: Step1- Selection of mobile models and device manufacturers This application is needed to be tested on the mobile System, Before selecting a Mobile for testing this application following considerations has to be made most importantly- 1. Android Version- Like other companies Android also releases the new versions time to time, every new version retain old good features and extend new functionalities. The testing approach here is that the application developed should be compatible with the latest as well previous versions too, along with this it should be flexible to adjust in the new version release. 2. Screen Size- The mobile devices are available in different sizes of there screen sizes. The variation in screen sizes also bring variation in the pixel mode of the Mobiles. This variation in the pixel values also render the display of application differently. Mobiles with larger screen has better display system. The testing approach here is that the application should work properly in all the screen sizes mobiles. 3. Device Fragmentation- Different Android devices are available with different Device fragmentation , our testing approach will be to verify whether the application is compatible with different fragmentation devices or not. Hardware Configuration: The different mobiles have different Hardware configuration, the system should be compatible with these configuration too, the application will be tested in the different mobiles with different configuration. Testing the application on Emulators Testing the application on the different mobile devices is very time consuming, costly and tedious approach. For this an option of Emulators are available. Emulators do not provide a testing experience of real Mobile environment of testing, but it is good for collection of big sample of test data. Adhoc Testing done for the app Automated Testing: For doing the Automated testing of the application UI Monkey Exerciser that is recommended by Google as one of the few tools used for testing Android applications. This is used with combination of Emulator within Android studio. This run test script for application, by testing no bugs and errors were found. Mannual Testing- Testing steps are as follows- Test case Input Expected Output 1 Go to Home Screen The screen should display properly. 2 Select Save Log Button The values should be save locally in the application in a SQL Database 3 Select Show Log Entries button A related page (fragment) should be shown that list all the date/time and treatment entries made for that field 4 Select Send all entries item The data collected and stored in the local database is composed into an email, and sent using the built in mail app Application Commentary As part of the second assignment we made a few changes as part of the requirements specified along with a few other changes. Changes specified by the assignment: 1. Made the options menu options functional. 2. Developed the Save All Entries button to save all unsaved notes to the database. 3. Developed the Send All Entries button to send the username amended with all notes from all players along with the date and time when the note was made along with a popup dialog that allows the user to cancel out of sending the email if they intend to do so. 4. Develop the Profile options menu to create a profile with a validation that checks if the passwords match and show a message when the profile is already created. 5. Back button feature allows the user to exit either after saving the data to the database or without it and move back to the home page from the profile page. Additional suggested features The information of the location of the user when making notes can be an interesting feature to add. Other ways to share notes using the app can be developed . A feature could also be added to integrate with the calendar to record notes that are schedules. Ethical Considerations Some ethical considerations when developing any Android application which is essential to ensure the integrity is maintained is as follows: Data Privacy When collection information from the user of the application it is essential to make sure that the data is maintained with highest possible security and the privacy of the users information is made the most important priority to ensure that the data is not transmitted without the users consent. Data Collection When collecting data it is important to ensure that the data that is expected to be collected is collected and other information which though might be available to be recorded is not without the users prior consent. Code Plagiarism When developing any application it is important to ensure that when code is being reused prior permission is received. Financial Case: Potential revenue streams and costs The revenue from the application can be generated through two approaches 1. Indirect Approach: The indirect approach is the approach that is best suited to the user as it does not cost the user anything and is generated primarily using ads that generate revenue when they are clicked on. 2. Direct Approach: The direct approach is the approach that charges the user directly for the application, the user pays for the download and this is the least suited approach to the user as it needs a payment to download in terms of the charge to the user. Project Schedule: Conclusion Developing an Android application is a vast field and highly innovative. This was a simple student level approach with simple knowledge . This was a learning approach for us. No doubt the knowledge obtained will be beneficial for us. References Alford, M.W.A requirements engineering methodology for real time processing requirements, IEEE Trans .on Software Engineering Fichman,R.G and Kermrer ,C.F, Object- Oriented and convention analysis and design methodologies, IEEE computer. Jorgensen,P.C. and Erickson, C. Object-Oriented integration testing. Comm.ACM Principles of Software Engnieering Management Component Software-Beyond Object-Oriented Programming,Szyperski C; Addison-Wesley. Software Engineering, Schaums Outlines, David Gustafson, Tata Mc Graw-Hill. Tutorialpoint.com ,software Engineering, from www.tutorialpoint.com
Tuesday, April 14, 2020
El Greco`s Burial Of Count Essays - Angels In Art, Toledo, Spain
El Greco`s "Burial Of Count" This painting is the Burial of Count Orgaz by El Greco (the Geek) his real name Domenikos Theotocopoulos. It hangs on the wall in the vestibule of the church of Santo Tome in Toledo, Spain and was painted in 1586. It is oil on canvas and was made to fit the very wall it hangs today. The painting does have a Round top making it a very odd fit for anywhere but the church for it to hang. The artist used many dark shades Blue and blacks with yellow and red in the items of importance and detail. White was very common. There was only one other color sort of hid in the robe of St Augastine,Green. He put alot of details in the things that he wanted the audience to pay attention to. The cross for example on the middle right, the keys to the gates of heaven held by saint peter on the top left and a nice touch with the priest with the skull on his rob on the bottom right. This is the first completely personal work by the artist. There are no longer any references to Roman or Venetian formulas or motifs. He has succeeded in eliminating any description of space. There is no ground, no horizon, no sky and no perspective. Accordingly, there is no conflict, and a convincing expression of a supernatural space is achieved. The painting has a couple of oddities with the boy pointing to the seal on the St. Stephen's robe but his other hand is sort of contorted. The faces of the people seem to be stuck here and there and don't seem to be natural flowing like a crowd should be in the mist of a vision .We get a glimpse of the artist above St Augustine's Hat as he looks up at his own art. And the boy is his son turns out to be his son. The painting is very clearly divided into two zones, the heavenly above and the terrestrial below, but there is little feeling of duality. The upper and lower zones are brought together compositionally (e.g., by the standing figures, by their varied participation in the earthly and heavenly event, by the torches, cross, etc. The grand circular mandorla-like pattern of the two Saints descended from Heaven echoes the pattern formed by the Virgin and Saint John the Baptist, and the action is given explicit expression. The point of equilibrium is the outstretched hand poised in the void between the two Saints, whence the mortal body descends, and the Soul, in the medieval form of a transparent and naked child, is taken up by the angel to be received in Heaven. The supernatural appearance of the Saints is enhanced by the splendor of color and light of their gold vestments. The powerful cumulative emotion expressed by the group of participants is suffused and sustained through the composition by the splendor, variety and vitality of the color and of light. The painting illustrates a popular local legend. In 1312, a certain Don Gonzalo Ruiz, native of Toledo, and Se?or of the town of Orgaz, died (the family received the title of Count, by which he is generally known, only later). He was a pious man who, among other charitable acts, left moneys for the enlargement and adornment of the church of Santo Tome (El Greco's parish church). At his burial, Saint Stephen and Saint Augustine intervened to lay him to rest. The occasion for the commission of the painting for the chapel, in which the Se?or was buried, was the resumption of the tribute payable to the church by the town of Orgaz, which had been withheld for over two centuries. All in all a very interesting piece of art. Though he is kind of a nock off of Michelangelo.
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Remote Sensing - Overview, Types and Applications
Remote Sensing - Overview, Types and Applications Remote sensing is the examination or the gathering of information about a place from a distance. Such examination can occur with devices (e.g. - cameras) based on the ground, and/or sensors or cameras based on ships, aircraft, satellites, or other spacecraft. Today, the data obtained is usually stored and manipulated using computers. The most common software used in remote sensing is ERDAS Imagine, ESRI, MapInfo, and ERMapper. A Brief History of Remote Sensing Modern remote sensing began in 1858 when Gaspard-Felix Tournachon first took aerial photographs of Paris from a hot air balloon. Remote sensing continued to grow from there; one of the first planned uses of remote sensing occurred during theà ââ¬â¹U.S. Civil War when messenger pigeons, kites, and unmanned balloons were flown over enemy territory with cameras attached to them. The first governmental-organized air photography missions were developed for military surveillance during World Wars I and II but reached a climax during the Cold War. Today, small remote sensors or cameras are used by law enforcement and the military in both manned and unmanned platforms to gain information about an area. Todays remote sensing imaging also includes infra-red, conventional air photos, and Doppler radar. In addition to these tools, satellites were developed during the late 20th century and are still used today to gain information on a global scale and even information about other planets in the solar system. For example, the Magellan probe is a satellite that has used remote sensing technologies to create topographic maps of Venus. Types of Remote Sensing Data The types of remote sensing data vary but each plays a significant role in the ability to analyze an area from some distance away. The first way to gather remote sensing data is through radar. Its most important uses are for air traffic control and the detection of storms or other potential disasters. In addition, Doppler radar is a common type of radar used in detecting meteorological data but is also used by law enforcement to monitor traffic and driving speeds. Other types of radar are also used to create digital models of elevation. Another type of remote sensing data comes from lasers. These are often used in conjunction with radar altimeters on satellites to measure things like wind speeds and their direction and the direction of ocean currents. These altimeters are also useful in seafloor mapping in that they are capable of measuring bulges of water caused by gravity and the varied seafloor topography. These varied ocean heights can then be measured and analyzed to create seafloor maps. Also common in remote sensing is LIDAR - Light Detection and Ranging. This is most famously used for weapons ranging but can also be used to measure chemicals in the atmosphere and heights of objects on the ground. Other types of remote sensing data include stereographic pairs created from multiple air photos (often used to view features in 3-D and/or make topographic maps), radiometers and photometers which collect emitted radiation common in infra-red photos, and air photo data obtained by earth-viewing satellites such as those found in the Landsat program. Applications of Remote Sensing As with its varied types of data, the specific applications of remote sensing are diverse as well. However, remote sensing is mainly conducted for image processing and interpretation. Image processing allows things like air photos and satellite images to be manipulated so they fit various project uses and/or to create maps. By using image interpretation in remote sensing an area can be studied without being physically present there. The processing and interpretation of remote sensing images also have specific uses within various fields of study. In geology, for instance, remote sensing can be applied to analyze and map large, remote areas. Remote sensing interpretation also makes it easy for geologists in this case to identify an areas rock types, geomorphology, and changes from natural events such as a flood or landslide. Remote sensing is also helpful in studying vegetation types. Interpretation of remote sensing images allows physical and biogeographers, ecologists, those studying agriculture, and foresters to easily detect what vegetation is present in certain areas, its growth potential, and sometimes what conditions are conducive to its being there. Additionally, those studying urban and other land use applications are also concerned with remote sensing because it allows them to easily pick out which land uses are present in an area. This can then be used as data in city planning applications and the study of species habitat, for example. Finally, remote sensing plays a significant role in GIS. Its images are used as the input data for the raster-based digital elevation models (abbreviated as DEMs) - a common type of data used in GIS. The air photos taken during remote sensing applications are also used during GIS digitizing to create polygons, which are later put into shapefiles to create maps. Because of its varied applications and ability to allow users to collect, interpret, and manipulate data over large often not easily accessible and sometimes dangerous areas, remote sensing has become a useful tool for all geographers, regardless of their concentration.
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